Docker常用命令(2)
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莫古技术网精选文章Docker常用命令(2)

Docker常用命令(2)

精选文章moguli202025-05-15 21:18:5214A+A-

目录

  1. Docker重启策略
  2. 配置容器环境变量
  3. 容器资源限制
  4. 查看容器的日志
  5. 进入容器内部

1. Docker重启策略

# 将Docker服务添加到开机启动项
sudo systemctl enable docker.service
# 查看Docker服务的状态
systemctl status docker.service

# 设置Docker容器的重启策略
# 重启策略有以下几种：
# no：不重启
# on-failure：在容器退出时重启
# always：总是重启
# unless-stopped：除非手动停止，否则总是重启
# 示例：
#运行时指定重启策略
docker run --restart=always ubuntu:latest
#更新容器的重启策略
docker update --restart=no container_id
docker update --restart=on-failure container_id
docker update --restart=always container_id
docker update --restart=unless-stopped container_id


# 查看容器重启策略
docker@docker:~$ docker inspect tomcat01
[
    {
        "Id": "e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1",
        "Created": "2025-05-08T06:00:07.278733171Z",
        "Path": "catalina.sh",
        "Args": [
            "run"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 143,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2025-05-08T06:00:07.337295132Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2025-05-08T14:59:30.954636335Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:167f3775cd314d238ceba478aefa1691179cb19456bff4b71c568e70bc069c92",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1-json.log",
        "Name": "/tomcat01",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "bridge",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",# 重启策略为no，即不自动重启

                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },


# 执行更新重启策略后
docker@docker:~$ docker update --restart=always tomcat01
tomcat01
docker@docker:~$ docker inspect tomcat01
[
    {
        "Id": "e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1",
        "Created": "2025-05-08T06:00:07.278733171Z",
        "Path": "catalina.sh",
        "Args": [
            "run"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 143,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2025-05-08T06:00:07.337295132Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2025-05-08T14:59:30.954636335Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:167f3775cd314d238ceba478aefa1691179cb19456bff4b71c568e70bc069c92",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1/e881248a2c5b7a2063031dbf3a96b39ecdb26bbdbd68fad5aa81859d7abedad1-json.log",
        "Name": "/tomcat01",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "bridge",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "always", # 重启策略更新为always，即容器退出后自动重启

                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },

2. 容器的环境变量

# 设置环境变量
docker run -e key=value ubuntu:latest
docker run -d -P --name tomcat_env -e JAVA_ENV=dev -e JAVA_VM=java01 tomcat
# 查看环境变量
docker exec -it tomcat_env env

# 以下是测试输出
docker@docker:~$ docker exec -it tomcat_env env
PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/opt/java/openjdk/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=d2dcd5e5e969
TERM=xterm
JAVA_ENV=dev
JAVA_VM=java01
JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US:en
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
JAVA_VERSION=jdk-21.0.7+6
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib
TOMCAT_MAJOR=11
TOMCAT_VERSION=11.0.6
TOMCAT_SHA512=ecff1b6a3128cb8dd8169237176eef6e3554c3bf694c50e70065abe71bc209fc2431097b859c84b626d87212d6b62fa3e1e9a3e1d1447b62aa657e62461c2260
HOME=/root

# 可以使用inspect命令查看容器配置信息，其中包括环境变量
docker inspect tomcat_env

            "Env": [
                "JAVA_ENV=dev",
                "JAVA_VM=java01",
                "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/opt/java/openjdk/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk",
                "LANG=en_US.UTF-8",
                "LANGUAGE=en_US:en",
                "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8",
                "JAVA_VERSION=jdk-21.0.7+6",
                "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
                "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
                "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
                "TOMCAT_MAJOR=11",
                "TOMCAT_VERSION=11.0.6",
                "TOMCAT_SHA512=ecff1b6a3128cb8dd8169237176eef6e3554c3bf694c50e70065abe71bc209fc2431097b859c84b626d87212d6b62fa3e1e9a3e1d1447b62aa657e62461c2260"
            ],

# 通过执行命令的方式输出环境变量
docker exec -it tomcat_env env

# 以下是测试输出
docker@docker:~$ docker exec -it tomcat_env env
PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/opt/java/openjdk/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=d2dcd5e5e969
TERM=xterm
JAVA_ENV=dev
JAVA_VM=java01
JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/openjdk
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US:en
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
JAVA_VERSION=jdk-21.0.7+6
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib
TOMCAT_MAJOR=11
TOMCAT_VERSION=11.0.6
TOMCAT_SHA512=ecff1b6a3128cb8dd8169237176eef6e3554c3bf694c50e70065abe71bc209fc2431097b859c84b626d87212d6b62fa3e1e9a3e1d1447b62aa657e62461c2260
HOME=/root

3. 容器资源限制

# 限制容器的CPU和内存
# 例如，限制CPU使用率为0.5个核心，内存为512MB，内存的单位可以是m（兆字节）或g（吉字节）。
docker run -d --name tomcat_cpu_mem --cpus=0.5 --memory=512m tomcat
# 查看容器配置信息，确认资源限制设置
docker stats tomcat_cpu_mem

4. 查看容器的日志

# 查看容器的日志
docker logs container_id
docker logs container_name
# 查看容器日志并实时显示日志
docker logs -f container_id
docker logs -f container_name
# 查看容器的日志并显示时间戳
docker logs -t container_id
docker logs -t container_name
# 查看容器的日志并显示时间戳并显示最后10行
docker logs -t --tail=10 container_id
docker logs -t --tail=10 container_name

# 以下是测试输出
docker@docker:~$ docker logs tomcat_cpu_mem 
09-May-2025 15:06:15.737 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name:   Apache Tomcat/11.0.6
09-May-2025 15:06:15.741 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Apr 1 2025 14:40:40 UTC
09-May-2025 15:06:15.742 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 11.0.6.0

docker@docker:~$ docker logs -f -t --tail=10 tomcat_cpu_mem 
2025-05-09T15:06:15.831256757Z 09-May-2025 15:06:15.831 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
2025-05-09T15:06:15.831280359Z 09-May-2025 15:06:15.831 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
2025-05-09T15:06:15.833700006Z 09-May-2025 15:06:15.833 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [2.0.8] using APR version [1.7.2].
2025-05-09T15:06:15.837754604Z 09-May-2025 15:06:15.835 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 3.0.13 30 Jan 2024]
2025-05-09T15:06:16.843128236Z 09-May-2025 15:06:16.842 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
2025-05-09T15:06:16.932855678Z 09-May-2025 15:06:16.932 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [1702] milliseconds
2025-05-09T15:06:17.132397247Z 09-May-2025 15:06:17.131 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
2025-05-09T15:06:17.132425810Z 09-May-2025 15:06:17.132 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/11.0.6]
2025-05-09T15:06:17.153747693Z 09-May-2025 15:06:17.153 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
2025-05-09T15:06:17.239470542Z 09-May-2025 15:06:17.239 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [305] milliseconds

5. 进入容器内部

# 进入容器内部
docker exec -it container_id /bin/bash
docker exec -it container_name /bin/bash

# 以下是测试输出
docker@docker:~$ docker exec -it tomcat_cpu_mem /bin/bash
root@e5e71caec71b:/usr/local/tomcat# ls  # 查看容器内部的文件和目录结构
bin           CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE         NOTICE         RUNNING.txt    webapps
BUILDING.txt  filtered-KEYS    logs            README.md      temp           webapps.dist
conf          lib              native-jni-lib  RELEASE-NOTES  upstream-KEYS  work
root@e5e71caec71b:/usr/local/tomcat# cd /
root@e5e71caec71b:/# ls
bin   __cacert_entrypoint.sh  etc   lib    media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  dev                     home  lib64  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var
root@e5e71caec71b:/# cd root
root@e5e71caec71b:~# ls
root@e5e71caec71b:~# touch test.txt
root@e5e71caec71b:~# ls
test.txt
root@e5e71caec71b:~# exit # 退出容器内部
exit
docker@docker:~$  # 回到宿主机终端，注意观察@后面的内容，已经回到宿主机了
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